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Energy storage systems are being more important to compensate irregularities   of renewable energy sources and yields more profitable to invest. Compressed   air energy storage (CAES) systems provide sufficient of system usability,   then large scale plants are found around the world. The compression process   is the most critical part of these systems and different designs must be   developed to improve efficiency such as liquid piston. In this study, a   liquid piston is analyzed with CFD tools to look into the effect of piston   speed, compression ratio and cylinder geometry on compression efficiency and   required work. It is found that, increasing piston speeds do not affect the   piston work but efficiency decreases. Piston work remains constant at higher   than 0.05 m/s piston speeds but the efficiency decreases from 90.9 % to 74.6   %. Using variable piston speeds has not a significant improvement on the   system performance. It is seen that, the effect of compression ratio is   increasing with high piston speeds. The required power, when the compression   ratio is 80, is 2.39 times greater than the power when the compression ratio   is 5 at 0.01 m/s piston speed and 2.87 times greater at 0.15 m/s. Cylinder   geometry is also very important because, efficiency, power and work alter by   L/D, D and cylinder volume respectively

Effects of piston speed, compression ratio and cylinder geometry on system performance of a liquid piston