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Some electrical applications have a number of heat sources. The closed-loop   pulsating heat pipe (CLPHP) is applied to transfer heat from these devices.   Since the CLPHP primarily transfers heat by means of the working fluid’s   phase change in a capillary tube, the thermal performance of the CLPHP   significantly depends on the working fluid type and the tube’s internal   diameter. In order to provide the fundamental information for manufacturers   of heat exchangers, this study on the effect of working fluids and internal   diameters has been conducted. Three electrical plate heaters were installed   on the CLPHP as the heat sources. The experiments were conducted by varying   the working fluid to be R123, ethanol, and water, and the internal diameter   to be 1.0 mm, 1.5 mm, and 2.0 mm. For each set of the same working fluid and   internal diameter, the input heat fluxes of the heat sources were also made   to vary within six different patterns. It can be concluded that when the   latent heat of evaporation increases - in the case of vertical CLPHP - and   when the dynamic viscosity of the liquid increases - in the case of   horizontal CLPHP - the thermal performance decreases. Moreover, when the   internal diameter increases, the thermal performance increases for both of   vertical and horizontal CLPHPs

thermal science/thermal science

Effect of working fluids and internal diameters on thermal performance of vertical and horizontal closed-loop pulsating heat pipes with multiple heat sources