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The theoretical analyses of the double-tube gas cooler in transcritical   carbon dioxide refrigeration cycle have been performed to study the   performance improvement of gas cooler as well as CO2 cycle using Al2O3, TiO2,   CuO and Cu nanofluids as coolants. Effects of various operating parameters   (nanofluid inlet temperature and mass flow rate, CO2 pressure and particle   volume fraction) are studied as well. Use of nanofluid as coolant in   double-tube gas cooler of CO2 cycle improves the gas cooler effectiveness,   cooling capacity and COP without penalty of pumping power. The CO2 cycle   yields best performance using Al2O3-H2O as a coolant in double-tube gas   cooler followed by TiO2-H2O, CuO-H2O and Cu-H2O. The maximum cooling COP   improvement of transcritical CO2 cycle for Al2O3-H2O is 25.4%, whereas that   for TiO2-H2O is 23.8%, for CuO-H2O is 20.2% and for Cu-H2O is 16.2% for the   given ranges of study. Study shows that the nanofluid may effectively use as   coolant in double-tube gas cooler to improve the performance of transcritical   CO2 refrigeration cycle

Performance improvement of double-tube gas cooler in CO2 refrigeration system using nanofluids