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This paper presents a numerical investigation of heat transfer augmentation  using internal longitudinal ribs and γ-Al2O3/ water nanofluid in a stationary  curved square duct. The flow is assumed 3D, steady, laminar, and  incompressible with constant properties. Computations have been done by  solving Navier-Stokes and energy equations utilizing finite volume method.  Water has been selected as the base fluid and thermo- physical properties of  γ- Al2o3/ water nanofluid have been calculated using available correlations  in the literature. The effects of Dean number, rib size and particle volume  fraction on the heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop have been  examined. Results show that nanoparticles can increase the heat transfer  coefficient considerably. For any fixed Dean number, relative heat transfer  rate (The ratio of the heat transfer coefficient in case the of γ- Al2o3/  water nanofluid to the base fluid) increases as the particle volume fraction  increases; however, the addition of nanoparticle to the base fluid is more  useful for low Dean numbers. In the case of water flow, results indicate that  the ratio of heat transfer rate of ribbed duct to smooth duct is nearly  independent of Dean number. Noticeable heat transfer enhancement, compared to  water flow in smooth duct, can be achieved when γ-Al2O3/ water nanofluid is  used as the working fluid in ribbed duct

Numerical analysis of heat transfer enhancement with the use of γ-Al2O3/water nanofluid and longitudinal ribs in a curved duct