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The effects of nanoparticle volume fraction in hydrodynamic and thermal  characteristics of an incompressible forced 2-D plane jet flow are  investigated. Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) of a two dimensional  incompressible plane forced jet flow for two nanofluids has been performed.  The base fluid is water and the nanoparticles are Al O ,CuO 2 3 . The  numerical simulation is carried out for the solid volume fraction between 0  to 4%. The results for both nanofluids indicate that any increase in the  solid volume fraction decreases the amplitude of temperature, velocity time  histories, the turbulent intensities and that of the Reynolds stresses. The  results for both two nanoparticles also indicate that with any increase in  nanoparticle volume fraction, the velocity amplitude of velocity time  history, the turbulent intensities and Reynolds stress in 2 3 Al O -water are  greater than that ofCuO-water nanofluid

Effects of nanoparticle volume fraction in hydrodynamic and thermal characteristics of forced plane jet