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Craniomandibular dysfunction (CMD) is a set of structural and functional  disorders of different etiology that affects temporomandibular joint (TMJ)  and orofacial muscles. The most common etiologic factors are psychogenic,  occlusal, trauma and congenital anomalies of craniofacial structures. About  75% of the examined population have mild symptoms of CMD while 3-4% have more  severe symptoms which require medical attention. The main symptoms why people  seek for medical attention are: facial pain which increases with chewing and  irradiates in surrounding areas and pain in TMJ which irradiates in the ear  canal, temporal area or neck. Painful restriction of mandible during mouth  opening and eccentric movements is frequent as well as mandible deviation or  deflection. Sound effects in TMJ such as popping or clicking during mouth  opening are common. Initial and least invasive therapeutic procedure is  reversible occlusal therapy using splints. There are two main types of  occlusal splints: stabilization and relaxation. First type of splints works  on condyle stabilization in orthopedically stable position; it is  superoanterior condylar position in articular fossa with position of  intercondylar discs between condyle and articular fossa when working cusps of  the antagonists are in maximal contact with the splint. Another type of  splint causes disocclussion of posterior teeth and eliminates negative  effects of occlusal interference in the intercuspal position or during  eccentric mandibular movements. During therapy, occlusal splint temporarily  changes occlusal relationships as well as relations within TMJ, causing  reduction of CMD symptoms. The best therapeutic effect for reduction of CMD  symptoms is achieved by combination of physical therapy and medication

Occlusal splints in reversible occlusal therapy of craniomandibular dysfunction