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. Bleaching agents can cause alteration of hard tissues of the  tooth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two different  concentrations of carbamide peroxide (10% and 35%) on human enamel  microhardness. Material and Methods. The study was conducted on ten extracted  teeth divided into two groups. The teeth were sectioned in mesiodistal  direction using the diamond disc in order to obtain experimental and control  samples. First group was exposed to the concentration of 10% carbamide  peroxide (Opalescence gel, Ultradent. Pro, US) at the time intervals that  corresponded to home night bleaching technique of vital teeth. Second group  was exposed to high concentration of 35% carbamide peroxide (Opalescence  Quick, Ultradent. Pro, US) at the time intervals that corresponded to the  professional bleaching technique of vital teeth. Control samples were exposed  to artificial saliva for the same time intervals as the samples from  experimental group. Knoop’s test for enamel microhardness was performed at  the beginning, after the first phase of therapy, after the therapy was  completed and after three weeks of exposure to artificial saliva. The results  were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student  t-test. Results. The microhardness values of enamel samples treated with 10%  carbamide peroxide decreased after 8 hours (261 khn) and three weeks of  treatment (222 khn) but increased after three weeks of exposure to artificial  saliva (263 khn). The decrease of enamel microhardness of the samples treated  with 10% carbamide peroxide was not statistically significant. The  microhardness values of enamel samples treated with 35% carbamide peroxide  were reduced after 1 hour (235 khn) and 3 hours (190 khn) and increased after  three weeks of exposure to artificial saliva (241 khn). Microhardness of  enamel treated with 35% carbamide peroxide was significantly decreased in  experimental samples compared to controls. Conclusion. Carbamide peroxide in  concentration of 35% leads to the significant decrease in enamel  microhardness compared to 10% carbamide peroxide

The effect of bleaching agents on human enamel microhardness