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. There is an increasing interest in balanced propofol sedation   (BPS) for colonoscopy in outpatient settings. Propofol is a potent anesthetic   agent for this purpose and has a narrow therapeutic range, which increases a   risk of cardiovascular and respiratory complications in case of improper   administration. Objective. The aim of this study was to compare patients’   safety and comfort of endoscopists in two methods of BPS targeting deep   sedation - propofol target-controlled infusion (TCI) and manual intravenous   titration technique (MT) - during colonoscopy. Methods. This prospective   randomized controlled trial included 90 patients (class I or II of the   American Society of Anesthesiologists) deeply sedated with propofol,   coadministered with small doses of midazolam and fentanyl. Propofol was given   by MT technique (45 patients) or by TCI (45 patients). The following adverse   effects were recorded: hypotension, hypertension, bradycardia, tachycardia,   hypoxemia, bradypnea, apnea, hiccupping, and coughing, as well as   endoscopist’s comfort during colonoscopy by means of a questionnaire.   Results. The MT group compared to the TCI group had a lower mean arterial   pressure in the 10th minute after the beginning (p = 0.017), and at the end   of colonoscopy (p = 0.006), higher oxygen saturation in the fifth minute (p =   0.033), and in the 15th minute (p = 0.008) after the beginning of   colonoscopy, and lower heart rate at the beginning of the procedure (p =   0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in adverse   events. Endoscopist’s comfort during colonoscopy was high 95.6% in the TCI   group vs. 88.9% in the MT group (p = 0.069). Conclusion. MT is clinically as   stable as TCI of propofol for deep sedation during colonoscopy, and   endoscopists experienced the same comfort during colonoscopy in both groups.   Thus, both combinations are suitable for deep sedation during diagnostic   colonoscopy

Manual versus target-controlled infusion of balanced propofol during diagnostic colonoscopy: A prospective randomized controlled trial