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Galaxies represent the main form of organization of matter in our universe.Therefore, they are of obvious interest for the new multidisciplinary field ofastrobiology. In particular, to study habitability of galaxies represents oneof the main emerging challenges of theoretical and numerical astrobiology. Itstheoretical underpinnings are, however, often confused and vague. Here wepresent a systematic attempt to list and categorize major causal factorsplaying a role in emergent habitability of galaxies. Furthermore, we argue thatthe methodology of cosmological merger trees is particularly useful indelineating what are systematic and lawful astrobiological properties ofgalaxies at present epoch vs. those which are product of historical contingencyand, in particular, interaction with wider extragalactic environment. Employingmerger trees extracted from cosmological N-body simulations as a new andpromising research method for astrobiology has been pioneered by Stanway et al.(2018). We analyse the general issue of applicability of merger trees andpresent preliminary results on a set of trees extracted from the IllustrisProject. In a sense, this approach is directly complementary to usinglarge-scale cosmological simulations to study habitable zones of individualgalaxies with high mass/spatial resolution; taken together, they usher a newera of synergy and synthesis between cosmology and astrobiology.

Habitability of galaxies and application of merger trees in astrobiology