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Nanoporous anodic alumina (NAA) membranes were produced by anodizing process  using commercially pure aluminium (1050 alloy). The optimization of  processing parameters, such as applied potential, temperature and time in  two different electrolyte solutions, has been performed to produce the  ordered alumina nano-membrane. Nanoporous anodic alumina membrane (NAAM) was  obtained by removing the aluminium substrate and opening the bottom of the  pores. The microstructure of samples was studied and analysed by field  emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Image processing of FESEM  pictures was performed with MATLAB. The results showed that at the optimum  conditions of anodizing, the percentage of porosity and ordering of pores in  the samples were similar to the productions of the high purity aluminium  base. NAA layers that formed in sulphuric acid solution in comparison with  oxalic acid had lower pore diameter (20 nm), lower inter-pore distance  (45-50 nm) and higher hardness (325HV). The optimized membranes which have  been produced with the same thickness were used for separation of Coliform  bacteria from the secondary clarified wastewater. The results showed that  these membranes can be used as selective filters because of their desirable  physical properties.

Fabrication and characterization of nanoporous anodic alumina membrane using commercial pure aluminium to remove coliform bacteria from wastewater