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Series of Gd3+ and Mg2+ co-doped ceria (Ce0.8Gd0.2-xMgxO1.9-δ) powders were  prepared by a sol-gel method and electrolyte ceramics were obtained by  sintering at 1300°C. Thermogravimetric and differential scanning  calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and  electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used for structural, morphology  and electrical characterization of the prepared samples. Well crystalline  cubic fluorite structured composite was confirmed after calcination at 700°C and the electrolyte ceramics sintered at 1300°C for 4 h was quite dense  with uniform microstructure. The electrochemical analysis results displayed  that the highest conductivity has the Ce0.8Gd0.14Mg0.06O1.87 compound, i.e.  0.0203 S/cm at 800°C. Therefore, it was concluded that co-doping with Gd3+  and Mg2+ could enhance the electrical properties of the CeO2 based solid  electrolytes.

Effects of Mg2+ addition on structure and electrical properties of gadolinium doped ceria electrolyte ceramics