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To enhance understanding of edaphic conditions in serpentine habitats, a   thorough investigation of chemical and mechanical properties of three soils   from disjunct ultramafic outcrops in the central Balkans was undertaken. Soil   from a nearby chemically-contrasting limestone habitat was also analyzed.   Three plant species differently associated with serpentine (Halacsya   sendtneri, Cheilanthes marantae, and Seseli rigidum) were references for site   and soil selection. Twenty elements were scanned for, and fourteen were   measured in seven sequentially-extracted soil fractions. Quantified soil   properties also included: pH, levels of free CaCO3, organic matter, P2O5,   K2O, N, C, S, cation exchange capacity, total organic carbon, field capacity   and soil mechanical composition. The usual harsh components for plant growth   in serpentine soil such as elevated Mg:Ca ratio, high levels of Ni, Cr, or   Co, were significantly lower in the available fractions. There was a   significant positive correlation of organic matter and field capacity, with   most available Ca (70-80%) found in the mobile, rather than the   organically-bound fraction. This showed that a more favorable Mg:Ca ratio is   highly dependent upon a higher field capacity, which is also in accordance   with a more developed vegetation. Increasing the availability of metals (Al,   Ba, Ca, Cr, Cu, Mg, Ni, Zn) in a more developed serpentine grassland and   forest vegetation, occurred only simultaneously with decrease of the Mg:Ca   ratio and rise in other factors of fertility (N, P, K). Progressive   development of ecosystem complexity therefore raised the availability of   metals, but also reduced harsh Mg:Ca ratio disproportion, boosted levels of   nutrients and raised soil field capacity. Principal components analysis   confirmed that the main differences among serpentine habitats lay primarily   in factors of fertility. The common habitat which hosts all three reference   species offers intermediate conditions in a plant habitat selection gradient.   Comparing serpentine with limestone showed ample difference in total content   and availability of most of the surveyed elements, but very few differences   in other chemical properties. The fragility of soil and ecosystem, and   biological value of serpentine habitats demand intensive research and   protection of these diversity and endemism hotspots of the Balkan Peninsula

Dynamics of soil chemistry in different serpentine habitats from Serbia