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Bioremediation, a process that utilizes the capability of microorga- nism to degrade toxic waste, is emerging as a promising technology for the treatment of soil and groundwater contamination. The technology is very ef- fective in dealing with petroleum hydrocarbon contamination. The aim of this study was to examine the composition of the microbial consortium during the ex situ experiment of bioremediation of soil heavily contaminated with crude oil and its products from the Oil Refinery Pančevo, Serbia. After a 5.5-month experiment with biostimulation and bioventilation, the concentration of the to- tal petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) had been reduced from 29.80 to 3.29 g/kg (89 %). In soil, the dominant microorganism population comprised Gram-posi- tive bacteria from actinomycete-Nocardia group. The microorganisms which decompose hydrocarbons were the dominant microbial population at the end of the process, with a share of more than 80 % (range 10 7 CFU/g). On the basis of

Bioremediation of soil heavily contaminated with crude oil and its products: Composition of the microbial consortium