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The ionic equilibrium of the species in the CuSO4-H2SO4-H2O sys- tem was employed to systematize the conditions of copper electrodeposition leading to the formation of the honeycomb-like structure. The reason why CuSO4 concentrations higher than 0.15 M are unsuitable for the formation of honey- comb-like structures is shown. The range of H2SO4 concentrations enabling the formation of this type of structure was also determined. The conditions leading to the formation of the honeycomb-like structures are: electrodeposition from solutions with lower concentrations of Cu(II) ions (0.15 M CuSO4 and less) in a concentration range from 0.25 to 1.0 M H2SO4, at a temperature of 18.0±1.0 °C and at overpotentials outside the plateau of the limiting diffusion current den- sity at which hydrogen evolution is vigorous enough to change the hydrodyna- mic conditions in the near-electrode layer.

The ionic equilibrium in the CuSO4-H2SO4-H2O system and the formation of the honeycomb-like structure during copper electrodeposition