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The synergistic effect of spinosad with three botanical (Aframomum melegueta, Eugenia aromatica and Piper guineense) powders as biorational insecticides against Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) infesting melon (Citrullus lanatus) seeds was investigated. Treatments included sole application of each botanical powder (50 g/kg of melon seed), sole application of spinosad (SASp) (1.0 g/kg), mixture of spinosad (0.5 g/kg) + botanical powders (25 g/kg) and an untreated control. Data were collected on tenebronid mortality rate (%) (PM) and melon seed weight loss rate in % (PWL). Phytochemical analysis of the botanicals was also carried out. At 3-14 days after treatment (DAT), PM observed in melon seeds treated with SASp (90.00-100.00%) was not significantly (p>0.05) different from PM observed in melon seeds treated with spinosad + E. aromatica powder (86.67-100.00%) and spinosad + P. guineense powder (85.00-100.00%). PWL observed in melon seeds treated with spinosad + botanical powders (1.17-1.40%) was not significantly different from PWL observed in seeds treated with SASp (0.42%), but it was significantly lower than PWL (3.28%) observed in melon seeds treated with sole application of A. melegueta powder. P. guineense powder had the highest contents of alkaloids (868.33 mg/100 g), tannins (550.00 mg/100 g), phenolics (53.57 GAE/g), and steroids (740.00 mg/100 g). E. aromatica powder had the highest contents of flavonoids (1466.67 mg/100 g), terpenoids (1276.00 mg/100 g) and cardiac glycosides (7.33 mg/100 g), while A. melegueta powder had the highest content of saponins (376.67 mg/100 g). The combination of spinosad with P. guineense powder or E. aromatica powder performed better than the combination with A. melegueta powder and is therefore recommended as a biorational approach for the control of T. castaneum.

journal of agricultural sciences

Synergistic effect of spinosad with selected botanical powders as biorational insecticides against adults of Tribolium castaneum Herbst, 1797 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)