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The global ornamental fish trade is a rapidly growing industry. Cultivation  and propagation of ornamental fishes have been increasing in the last 20  years in Iran. Discus (Symphysodon aequifasciatus) from Cichlidae is one of  the most popular and expensive aquarium fish. In the past few years farming  of this fish has been well developed in Iran. Two breeder discus fish  (Symphysodon aequifasciatus) from two different propagation centres (with  high mortality) with signs of anorexia, loss of balance, moribundity and  darkness in skin colour were referred to Laboratory of Aquatic Diseases of  Veterinary Faculty, University of Tehran. After the survey of ectoparasites,  necropsy was performed under aseptic conditions; bacterial culture on  standard media was done and the alimentary canal was extruded. In both fish  no ectoparasite was detected and no bacteria from these cases grew on the  standard media. In internal survey 5 and 25 nematodes were detected in each  fish. A high number of free eggs were observed in intestine of fish.  Regarding morphological characteristics of the nematodes and their eggs, they  were identified as Capillaria sp. Treatment of other fish with levamisole was  effective and the loss was terminated. Some helminthes like Capillaria  pterophylli Heinze, 1933, can cause a high mortality in cichlid aquarium  fishes. This study showed that infection with some species of Capillaria  could cause a heavy loss in ornamental fish from Cichlidae. Diagnosis of  parasites of these fishes can help us to prevent high mortalities

Capillariosis in breeder discus (Symphysodon aequifasciatus) in Iran