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This paper investigates the influence of different matrices (groundwater a  realistic natural matrix and commercial humic acid solution a synthetic  matrix) on the nature and content of haloacetic acid (HAA) precursors in  ozonized water (0.4 to 3.0 mg O3/mg DOC; pH 6). Natural organic matter (NOM)  characterization of the natural matrix showed it was largely of hydrophobic  character (65% fulvic and 14% humic acids), with the hydrophilic fractions  HPIA and HPI-NA at 12% and 9%, respectively. At approximately the same  dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content of the investigated matrices (~10 mg  /L), a greater degree of hydrophobicity was seen in the humic acid solution  than in the natural matrix, resulting in a higher content of HAA precursors  (559 ± 21 μg/L in the synthetic matrix compared to 309 ± 15 μg/L in the  natural matrix). By applying different ozone doses (0.4 to 3.0 mg O3/mg DOC),  the DOC content of the studied matrices was reduced by 6-22%, with a maximum  process efficacy being achieved with 3.0 mg O3/mg DOC. Ozonation also lead to  changes in the NOM structure, i.e. complete oxidation of the humic acid  fractions in both investigated matrices. After oxidation, hydrophilic  structures dominate the natural water matrix (65%), whereas the synthetic  matrix has an equal distribution of hydrophobic and hydrophilic fractions  (~50%). Changes in the content and structure of NOM during ozonation resulted  in the reduction of the total HAA precursors content (63-85%, using 3.0 mg  O3/mg DOC). Detailed analysis of the reactivity of the residual HAA precursor  materials shows that ozonation using 3.0 mg O3/mg DOC reduced the reactivity  of the NOM fractions in comparison to the raw water. By contrast, HAA  precursor material present in the commercial HA solution was transformed  after ozonation into other reactive compounds, i.e. precursors which  originated from the fulvic acid and hydrophilic fractions. The results of the  laboratory testing indicate that the application of ozonation can reduce the  content of haloacetic acid precursors to some degree. However, in real  applications of oxidative treatment in the preparation of drinking water, as  well as the efficacy in reducing the total organic matter content, the nature  of the residual NOM must also be taken into account, as it can include toxic  reactive precursors to disinfection byproducts

The influence of different matrices on the nature and content of haloacetic acids precursors in ozonized water