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Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is an important forage legume of temperate   regions dominantly used as a source of animal food. The present research   aimed at assessment of genetic diversity based on morphological markers,   through the analyses of five morphological markers in a collection of 46 red   clover genotypes. These morphological markers were screened according to the   UPOV descriptor (2001) in the trial laid out in a randomized complete block   design with three replications. The traits analyzed and investigated were:   time of flowering, growth habit, density of hairs, leaf color and intensity   of white marks. The average value of Shannon's diversity index for five   morphological markers amounted 0.711. Homogeneity analysis (HOMALS) of the   same five descriptors accounted for 71.2% of the total variation of the   standardized data, with the first and second axis explaining 38.4% and 32.8%   of the morphological variability, respectively. Based on this analyses all   red clover genotypes were grouped into seven homogeneous groups in   two-dimensional space, thus providing visualization of genotypes diversity   based on their morphological traits. UPGMA cluster analysis of the same   morphological markers allowed the description of four groups with genetic   distances represented by the simple matching coefficient of similarity   ranging from 0.00 to 1.00. Observed results achieved by these two analyses   were compared and although both of analyses were successful in grouping and   discrimination of red clover genotypes with some similarities and   differences, priority in future breeding programs was given to the HOMALS.

Variability of red clover genotypes on the basis of morphological markers