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Silkworm, being a poikilothermic insect, its growth and development is   affected by environmental factors especially, temperature. In tropical   countries like India, it has considerable effect on silk production due to   the prevailing of hot climatic conditions. Previous attempts to evolve   silkworm breeds and hybrids tolerant to high temperature by traditional   breeding methods have not yielded the desired results. Hence application of   new strategies like marker assisted selection (MAS) could be the most   effective strategy for developing a thermo-tolerant bivoltine silkworm for   sustainable silk production in India. As a prelude, in this study it is aimed   to identify simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers closely linked with   thermotolerance in silkworm. To do so, 20 silkworm breeds were evaluated at   high temperature (36°C) and based on pupation percentage, two multivoltines   (Nistari and Cambodge) and two bivoltines (SK4C and BHR3) were identified as   thermo-tolerant and one bivoltine (CSR2) was identified as the susceptible   breed. These breeds were screened with 85 SSR markers drawn from different   linkage groups and out of those, only 11 markers (12.9%) showed distinct   polymorphism between thermo-tolerant and susceptible breeds. Further, bulked   segregant analysis (BSA) was performed using 11 polymorphic SSR primers, by   comparing the SSR profiles of the tolerant (Nistari) and susceptible (CSR2)   parents, their F1 and F2 bulks. Nevertheless, only 5 markers generated clear   differences in the amplified DNAs between the bulks corresponding to that of   the parents suggesting that the DNA regions amplified by these SSR markers   are closely linked to thermotolerance in B. mori. The results obtained   through bulk segregant analysis was further confirmed by genotyping 5 linked   SSR markers using 140 individual F2 progenies. Of these 5 markers, highest   Spearman's rho correlation coefficient was shown by S0816 indicating a high   degree of closeness between the genotypic and phenotype variations in F2   population. Furthermore, we have also attempted to locate the genes near to   S0816 by in silico approach and upshot revealed 3 genes nearer to its   sequence on the B. mori genome. The BGIBMGA005249 gene was found to be   located nearest to S0816 at a distance of 14.8 Kb. But, further studies are   required in this regard to derive a relationship between the thermotolerance   and the functional role of identified genes nearer to the closest marker, so   that the identified markers can be used to develop a thermo-tolerant silkworm   breed through MAS

Identification of microsatellite markers linked to thermotolerance in silkworm by bulk segregant analysis and in silico mapping