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B chromosomes (Bs) are a very heterogeneous group of extra chromosomes. In   various species Bs occur with different nucleotide sequences ranging from   repetitive to protein coding. In yellow-necked field mice, Apodemus   flavicollis Bs are small euchromatic chromosomes and untill now, only few   molecular analyses have been conducted. In this study we examined A.   flavicollis individuals with different number of Bs for presence of two   genes, C-KIT and 18S rRNA. The C-KIT proto-oncogene was found on Bs in three   Canidae species and one Cervidae species. This gene is a coding receptor   critical for proliferation and cell differentiation of hematopoietic,   melanoblast and primordial germ cells, and is highly conserved within   mammals. While using semiquantitative PCR, we did not notice any difference   in the C-KIT band intensity among animals with different number of Bs (0-3).   The presence of only one copy of C- KIT gene was confirmed using real   time-PCR on genomic DNA of A. flavicollis specimens with different number of   Bs. rRNA genes in eukaryotes’ genome are organized like units of tandem   repeated sequences. The units form distinct clusters on one to several   chromosome pairs. rRNA genes were found on Bs in different species including   two species of genus Apodemus. One particular sample with 2 Bs showed the   number of 18S rRNA gene about three times that of the calibrator 0 B sample.   This result can indicate the presence of 18S rRNA gene on Bs, but its   confirmation requires the implementation of other methods. Still, we can   neither confirm nor deny the existence of pseudogen of tested target genes,   or lose of exon 1 of C-KIT protooncogen in Bs of A. flavicollis. Our findings   are further discussed. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br.   173003

Screening of B chromosomes for presence of two genes in yellow-necked mice, Apodemus flavicollis (Mammalia, Rodentia)