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Intercropping systems could improve utilization of the most important  resources (soil, water and nutrients), provide a better control of weeds,  pests and diseases, and finally higher productivity, especially under  rain-fed growing conditions. This study aimed to determine the effects of  three maize (Zea mays L.) prolific hybrids (FAO 500, 600 and 700) and the  spatial intercrop patterns on the above-ground biomass and grain yields of  maize and soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill), on chernozem soil type at Zemun  Polje, Belgrade, in 2003, 2004 and 2005. The experimental design was a  complete randomized block with four replications and three treatments: 3 rows  of maize and 3 rows of soybean in strips for each maize hybrid (three  variants, 3 rows of maize and 3 rows of soybean in alternate rows for each  hybrid (another three variants) and monocrops of both maize and soybeans. To  optimize the ecological and economic benefits of maize/soybean intercrop in  terms of yield, variety selection and compatibility of the component crops  should be made using established agronomic management practices involving the  two crops. Suitable maize varieties for maize/soybean intercrop systems are  varieties that have less dense canopy. These varieties would therefore have  lesser shading effect to the understory beans. However, establishment of an  appropriate spatial arrangement of the component crops would be essential to  alleviate negative effects especially on the less competitive crop. The  intercropping system in alternate rows showed significantly higher  above-ground biomass and grain yields in comparation with both the strip  intercropping system and maize monocrops in 2004. Soybean gave significantly  lower above-ground biomass and grain yield in intercrops than in monocrops.  Maize prolific hybrid growing in intercropping with soybean as legume crop,  increased productivity of cropping system, especially in favourable  agroecological conditions. Maize and soybean yields reduction could have also  been due to interspecific competition for resources such as nutrients and  water. Moreover, performance of the currently grown varieties in the  semi-arid regions depends on the amount of rainfall received during the  growing season. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR-31037:  Integrated system of field crop cultivation: conservation of biodiversity and  soil fertility

Dependence of the productivity of maize and soybean intercropping systems on hybrid type and plant arrangement pattern