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Coeliac disease (CD) is a systemic autoimmune, complex and multifactorial  disorder, which is caused by interactions between genetic and environmental  factors. The only established genetic risk factors so far are the human  leucocyte antigens. The aim of this study was to assess the distribution of  II class human leukocyte antigens (HLA) in patients with coeliac disease and  to investigate the susceptibility to coeliac disease in family members. We  typed HLA DR and DQ antigens in 37 patients from Vojvodina with coeliac  disease, 23 first-degree relatives, and 210 controls, serologically using  standard lymphocytotoxicity technique. HLA DQ5(1), DQ6(1), DR11(5), DQ7(3),  DQ2 and DR15(2) were the most common antigens in the control group. Frequency  of HLA DQ2, DR3 and DR7 was higher in CD patients than in the control group.  The relative risks for HLA DQ2, DR3 and DR7 were 4.846, 6.986 and 2.106,  respectively, while positive association was found between HLA DQ2 and DR3  and CD. Frequency of HLA DQ2, DR3 and DR16(2) was higher in first-degree  relatives than in the control group while a positive association was found  between HLA DQ2 and DR3. A negative association was found between HLA DQ5(1)  and DQ6(1) in coeliac patients from Vojvodina and their relatives, in  addition to HLA DR11(5) in the group of relatives (RR=0.363,PF=0.232). These  findings indicate the impact of the HLA testing for CD in clinical practice  in order to rule out the possibility to CD in doubtful cases or in at-risk  subjects

HLA II class antigens and susceptibility to coeliac disease