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Lung cancer belongs to a group of tumors with bad prognosis resulting in limited therapeutic chances. It is the most common cause of cancer deaths and cancer-related deaths worldwide. Only 25-40% of lung cancers are considered resectable when a diagnosis is made and just 20% of patients have a confined disease at the time of surgery. That makes problem of early diagnosis of lung cancer one of the biggest challenges in clinical oncology. Our goal was to determine whether molecular genetic assays could augment conventional clinical and laboratory diagnostic procedures. Bronchoalveolar aspirate of patients with different histological types and stages of NSCLC were analyzed for presence of K-ras oncogene mutations (codons 12 and 13) and compared with cytological findings in the same samples. Mutations in codons 12 and 13 of K- and H-ras genes in bronchoalveolar aspirate of 53 patients (pts) were examined by polymerase chain reaction and SSCP analysis. Mutations in K-ras gene were identified in 18/53 (34%) specimens of bronchoalveolar aspirate, out of which 3/18 were adenocarcinomas, 11/18 squamous cell carcinoma, two were with anaplastic and two patients with chronical lung disease. The same samples were examined for presence of malignant cells by conventional cytological analysis. Normal cytological results were found in 6 samples of patients with malignant tumors out of which K-ras mutations were detected in 4 samples. A presence of mutated K-ras gene may prove useful as an adjunct to cytological analysis and also could serve as additional criteria for early diagnosis in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma

Detection of K-ras gene mutation in bronchial aspirate of patients with lung carcinoma