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This study was aimed at the examination of the effects of increased salinity  of growing medium on the fatty acid composition and yield of rhizome  essential oil of Curcuma longa L. The analyses (gas chromatography and gas  chromatography/mass spectrometry) of the transesterified petroleum ether  extract of rhizomes grown under non-saline conditions (0.0 mM NaCl; control)  showed that the dominant fatty acids were oleic (48.6%), myristic (15.0%),  linoleic (7.9%), palmitic (6.8%) and linolenic (2.4%). Increased growth  medium salinity (25.0, 50.0 and 75.0 mM NaCl) provoked significant changes in  the relative amounts of some acids. Increase of NaCl concentration caused an  increase in the amount of linoleic and linolenic acids, but had the opposite  or no effect on myristic and oleic acids quantity. The yield of the essential  oil obtained from fresh control rhizome (non-saline conditions) was 1.7%.  When C. longa was grown in a low-salinity medium (25.0 mM NaCl), the oil  yield remained the same. However, under high salinity conditions the yield  reached 2.9% (50.0 mM NaCl), i.e. 3.1% (75.0 mM NaCl). Our results clearly  show that the studied plant species is susceptible to high salinity induced  stress

Effects of elevated salinity of the growing medium on rhizome essential oil yield and fatty acid composition of Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae)