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In this research, the effects of process variables on the efficiency and   mechanism of dibenzothiophene oxidation in formicacid/H2O2 system for deep   desulfurization of a light hydrocarbon model were systematically studied by   statistical modelling and optimization using response surface methodology   and implementing the central composite design. A quadratic regression model   was developed to predict the yield of sulfur oxidation as the model   response. The model indicated that temperature was the most significant   effective factor and suggested an important interaction between temperature   and H2O2/sulfur ratio; at temperatures above 56°C, more excess oxidant was   necessary because of instability of active peroxo intermediates and loss of   H2O2 due to thermal decomposition. In contrast, the water hindrance effect   of H2O2 aqueous solution in desulfurization progress was more significant at   temperatures bellow 56°C. In the optimization process, minimizing   H2O2/sulfur ratio and catalyst consumption for maximum yield of   desulfurization was economically considerable. The optimal condition was   obtained at temperature of 57 °C, H2O2/sulfur ratio of 2.5 mol/mol and   catalyst dosage of 0.82 mL in 50 mL solution of DBT in n-hexane leading to a   maximum oxidation yield of 95% after 1 hour reaction. Good agreement between   predicted and experimental results (less than 4% error) was found

Optimization of operating conditions in oxidation of dibenzothiophene in the light hydrocarbon model