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The sorption of lead, cadmium and zinc ions from aqueous solution by  Lagenaria vulgaris shell biosorbent (LVB) in batch system was investigated.  The effect of relevant parameters such as contact time, biosorbent dosage and  initial metal ions concentration was evaluated. The Pb(II), Cd(II) and Zn(II)  sorption equilibrium (when 98% of initial metal ions were sorbed) was  attained within 15, 20 and 25 min, respectively. The pseudo first,  pseudo-second order, Chrastil’s and intra-particle diffusion models were used  to describe the kinetic data. The experimental data fitted the pseudo-second  order kinetic model and intra-particle diffusion model. Removal efficiency of  lead(II), cadmium(II) and zinc(II) ions rapidly increased with increasing  biosorbent dose from 0.5 to 8.0 g dm-3. Optimal biosorbent dose was set to  4.0 g dm-3. An increase in the initial metal concentration increases the  sorption capacity. The sorption data of investigated metal ions are fitted to  Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models. Langmuir model best fitted  the equilibrium data (r2 > 0.99). Maximal sorption capacities of LVB for  Pb(II), Cd(II) and Zn(II) at 25.0±0.5°C were 0.130, 0.103 and 0.098 mM g-1,  respectively. The desorption experiments showed that the LVB could be reused  for six cycles with a minimum loss of the initial sorption capacity

Equilibrium and kinetic studies of Pb(II), Cd(II) and Zn(II) sorption by Lagenaria vulgaris shell