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Biodiesel was developed by transesterification of Madhuca indica oil by  homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. KOH and CaO were taken as  homogeneous and heterogeneous catalyst respectively. It was found that the  homogeneous catalyst (KOH) took 1.0 h of reaction time, 6:1 methanol to oil  molar ratio, 0.75 wt% of catalyst amount, 55±0.5oC reaction temperature for  completion of the reaction. The heterogeneous catalyst (CaO) was found to  give optimum yield in 2.5 h of reaction time at 8:1 methanol to oil molar  ratio, 2.5 wt% of catalyst amount, at 65±0.5oC. A high yield (95-97%) and  conversion (>96.5%) was obtained from both the catalysts. CaO was found to  leach to some extent in the reactants and a biodiesel conversion of 27-28%  was observed as a result of leaching.

Comparison of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis for synthesis of biodiesel from M. indica oil