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Three farms of dairy cows (A, B and C) were observed for health disorders of  dairy cows and suckling calves. Farm A is farm with tied system of rearing,  with 1100 cows, while farms B and C have 400 and 600 cows kept loose with  outdoor pens, respectively. Data regarding welfare criteria of dairy cows  (health, feeding, housing and behaviour) were collected and analysed through  Protocol of Welfare Quality (2009). Health disorders of dairy cows and  suckling calves were collected and statistically analysed by chi-square test  (χ2 test). Welfare of all of three dairy farms were assessed as acceptable,  meaning that provided welfare conditions meet the minimum requirements of  animals. Principle of provision of good health was rated as acceptable (≥20  points) on farm A, while on farms with loose system (B and C) overall health  rated as excellent (≥80 points). Occurrence rate of reproductive, locomotor,  skin and claws disorders and digestive and systemic disorders of dairy cows  and calves up to 4 months old were very different between three farms (A, B,  C) with χ2-values of 2901.71, 252.02, 204.08, 1152.31 and 184.23  respectively; α<0.01). According presented data, it is obvious that the  majority health problems were observed in tied system of rearing, on farm A,  such as reproductive disorders and mastitis, as well as injuries and bad body  score and lame cows. The most serious health problems of the calves were  diarrhea and bronchopneumonia of different etiology. [Projekat Ministarstva  nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR 31086]

The most common health disorders and welfare of dairy cows and calves