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Anesthetic agents could alter the course and outcome of physical trauma, as  well as experimentally or naturally occurring severe infections, by  regulating several immune response mechanisms. The aim of our study was to  investigate the influence of several commercially used anesthetic agents  (ketamine, propofole, pentylentetrazole - PTZ) on cytokine concentrations,  animal survival and pathohistological changes in the model of rat sepsis. In  adult, male Wistar rats after different anesthetic treatment and induction  of sepsis by cecal ligation and punction we estimated serum levels of IL1α,  TNFα, GM-CSF and MCP-1 at 12h intervals. After 48h of sepsis induction, the  largest number of animals survived in the group treated with PTZ (47%),  while the lowest survival rate was in the propofole treatment group (24%).  Contrary to survival rate, the most abundant pathohistological changes were  seen on preparations from PTZ and than in ketamine/PTZ treated groups,  without any significant changes in the CNS of propofole treated animals. In  the propofole treated group there was a prominent increament of GM-CSF  values at 12h and 24h, followed by a significant decreament at 36h. These  changes were negatively correlated to the survival rate in this group. This  group had the lowest levels of MCP1 at all evaluated time intervals. After  high initial levels, IL1α and TNFα levels fell to undetectable  concentrations and at 24h increased to a high level. In PTZ as well as  ketamine groups, at 12 h interval, GM-CSF levels were lower than in the  propofole treated group. Contrary, MCP-1 levels were higher in these groups  comparing to propofole group. After a high initial peak, IL1α levels  decreased to low but detectable levels, followed by an intensive rise in  ketamine treated, but with further decrement in pentazole treated groups.  TNFα levels were low through all evaluated intervals in both these groups.  Our results indicate that induction of anaesthesia of animals with sepsis  with variuos anesthetic agents is connected to different pathohistological  CNS changes, distinct serum cytokine profiles and diverse survival rates

Effects of different anesthetic agents on GM-CSF, MCP1, IL1α and TNFα levels in rat sepsis model