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The aim of this study was to examine the characteristics of the metabolic  profile and complete blood count in cows in the periparturient period on the  basis of the intensity of lipolysis and ketogenesis (concentration of non  esterified fatty acid - NEFA and betahydroxybutyrate - BHB). Based on median  values of NEFA and BHB cows were divided into 3 groups: cows physiologically  burdened with catabolism (NEFA and BHB levels above the median one week after  parturition), cows significantly burdened with catabolism (NEFA and BHB  levels above the median one week before and after parturition) and cows that  are not burdened with catabolism (NEFA and BHB below the median, i.e. the  control group). The median value of NEFA was 0.27 mmol/L one week before  parturition and 0.61 mmol/L one week after it. The median value of BHB was  0.51 mmol/L one week before parturition and 0.99 mmol/L one week after it. A  significant group effect was shown for each week separately, so that cows  physiologically burdened with catabolism and/or cows significantly burdened  with catabolism compared to the control group have the following features of  the metabolic profile and complete blood count: higher concentrations of NEFA  and BHB (weeks: -1, 1, 2, 4, 8), lower concentrations of glucose (weeks: 1,  4), lower concentration of cholesterol (week 8), lower concentrations of  total protein (weeks: 1, 2), lower concentrations of urea (weeks: 1, 2, 4, 8)  and a higher concentration of bilirubin (weeks: - 1, 1, 2, 4, 8), increased  levels of AST (weeks: -1, 1) and ALT (weeks: -1, 2), lower value of Ca (week  -1), lower hemoglobin concentration (week -1), lower white blood cell count  (week 4), a larger number of neutrophils (weeks: -1, 1, 2) and a higher  number of lymphocytes (week 4). Using the method of factor analysis and  principal components showed that NEFA, BHB and glucose are the major  components that affect the metabolic profile and blood count, making 71.8% of  the variability of all parameters. Cows with hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia,  hypoalbuminemia, hyperbilirubinemia, decreased hemoglobin concentration  and/or red blood cell count and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio &gt;1 showed  significantly higher concentrations of NEFA and BHB compared to cows with  parameters within normal ranges. Complete ROC (receiver operating  characteristics) analysis showed that NEFA and BHB are important diagnostic  indicators that allow the separation of cows with parameters out of the  reference values from cows with normal values of parameters in the metabolic  profile and blood count (0.5&lt;AUC&lt;0.87). Reliability of identification of cows  with parameters that are out of the reference value increases with increasing  concentrations of NEFA and BHB, which confirms that intense lipolysis and  ketogenesis start a series of compensatory processes in the metabolism in  cows. The results confirm that NEFA and BHB significantly affect the value of  numerous metabolic and hematological parameters in the periparturient period.  [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR31062

Influence of lipolysis and ketogenesis to metabolic and hematological parameters in dairy cows during periparturient period