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The State of Maranhao has been presenting worrying data regarding the preservation of their ecosystems, being needed a greater knowledge of the State geographical space so that the mitigate measures of the environmental impacts may be adopted. Among the State mesoregions with the highest growth rate (average of 35% in the last 10 years), stands out to the west, located in the eastern Amazon. The mesoregion is formed by the union of 52 cities grouped into three microregions (Gurupi, Imperatriz, and Pindare). The present article aims to study the main aspects of Biogeography of the Maranhao western region. The economy is based on maize, rice, babassu coconut extract, manioc, beef cattle that has been growing considerably in the recent years and still has great opportunities for investors in the mining sector. The area presents great biological diversity due to the presence of dense Rainforest, Cerrado domain and pioneer formations, which has been suffering deforestation and loss up to 70% of primitive vegetation. It has distinct geological structures, crystalline and sedimentary, with soils that present several characteristics highly weathered. The climate presents humid tropical and equatorial features and stands out for having a transition between the humid climate of the Amazon and the semi-arid of the Brazilian northeastern. The relief is divided into two areas: the one from the Center-North, comprised of plain relief and from the Center-South, which corresponds to a prolongation of the Brazilian central plateau. Biologically, this region houses the Biological Reserve of Gurupi (REBIO GURUPI), which presents great importance for the conservation of the Maranhense Amazon whose ecological and environmental importance contrasts with the intense dynamics of the human occupation. Keywords : Eastern Amazon. Environmental conservation. Geographical areas. CONSIDERACOES SOBRE A BIOGEOGRAFIA DA MESORREGIAO OESTE MARANHENSE (BRASIL) Resumo O Estado do Maranhao vem apresentando dados preocupantes quanto a preservacao de seus ecossistemas, sendo necessario um maior conhecimento do espaco geografico do Estado para que medidas mitigatorias possam ser tomadas. Dentre as mesorregioes do Estado com maior taxa de crescimento (media de 35% nos ultimos 10 anos), destaca-se a oeste, localizada na Amazonia Oriental. A mesorregiao e formada pela uniao de 52 municipios agrupados em tres microrregioes (Gurupi, Imperatriz e Pindare). O presente artigo objetiva estudar os principais aspectos da Biogeografia da mesorregiao Oeste Maranhense. A economia baseia-se nas culturas de milho, arroz, extracao do coco babacu, mandioca, pecuaria de corte que vem crescendo consideravelmente nos ultimos anos e ainda possui grandes oportunidades para investidores no segmento de mineracao. A area apresenta grande diversidade biologica devido a presenca da Floresta Ombrofila Densa, dominio de cerrado e formacoes pioneiras, que vem sofrendo desmatamento e perdas de ate 70% da vegetacao primitiva. Possui estruturas geologicas distintas, cristalinas e sedimentares, com solos que apresentam caracteristicas diversas altamente intemperizados. O clima apresenta caracteristicas tropicais umidas e equatoriais e destaca-se por haver uma transicao entre o clima umido da Amazonia e o semi-arido do nordeste brasileiro. O relevo esta dividido em duas areas: a do centro-norte, formada por relevo de planicie e as do centro-sul, que correspondem a um prolongamento do planalto central brasileiro. Biologicamente, essa regiao abriga a Reserva Biologica do Gurupi (REBIO GURUPI) que apresenta grande importância para a conservacao ambiental da Amazonia Maranhense e cuja importância ecologica e ambiental contrasta com a intensa dinâmica de ocupacao humana. Palavras-chave : Amazonia oriental. Conservacao ambiental. Areas geograficas.

CONSIDERATIONS OVER THE BIOGEOGRAPHY OF THE WEST MESOREGION OF MARANHÃO (BRAZIL)