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Steroids constitute a special category of compounds, which are abundant to all organisms ranging from lower species in the evolutionary chain to higher mammals and humans. A special subcategory of steroids determine sex in organisms and are produced by the gonads in humans. Naturally occurring steroids and synthetic steroids are utilized for treatment purposes or as anabolics. Flashing back to the history of anabolics, it is worth mentioning that the action of steroids as artificial strengtheners is known since the early 1930s. At that time, testosterone was found to be the hormone that attributes the sex characteristics to males and participates in sexual maturation of juveniles. Further on, tests of steroids as medication alternatives were reported back in the late 1930s. They were used in cases known as “the Eunuch syndrome”, sexual impotence, starvation, crypsorchy and through treatments, in cases of extended burnings. Until then, however, they were known only for their therapeutic applications. At the same time, steroids became popular for their anabolic characteristics. In particular, it became evident that steroids were contributing to the formation of muscle tissue and improvement of physical endurance. Such experiments were performed for the first time in Nazi Germany in the late 1930s (approximately 1939) and came to certify that steroids did have an impact on muscle formation and endurance. Thereon, steroids have Abstract Steroids are defined as compounds included in the family of terpenoid lipids. Specifically, anabolic steroids are synthetic steroids of the androgen steroids. Since the beginning of the 20 century, anabolic steroids have proven influence on physical strength, endurance and muscle tissue synthesis. They have been used both for military purposes as well as for athletic achievements. Their use has been expended thereafter up to the point that side-effects began to become apparent. To date, it is well documented that anabolic steroids have adverse side effects on the primary and secondary sex characteristics. Steroids attribute male characteristics to females, and, at the same time, sterility and erection dysfunctions to males. Several studies have shown that the use of anabolic steroids is connected to dysfunctions of the cardiovascular system. No direct adverse effects have been reported on the function of cardiovascular system during the use of anabolic steroids, however, it has been shown that there is an indirect connection between anabolic steroids and cardiovascular disease. Steroids elevate levels of cholesterol and triglycerides which both are related to high risk of cardiovascular disease. The present work reviews the hitherto known connections between steroids in general, both synthetic and naturally occurring to the risk or not of cardiovascular disease.

The multiple roles of steroids and anabolic steroids and its relations to cardiovasular and musculoskeletal pathology: a brief review