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It is quite frequent nowadays, since there is a rising in the life expectancy in Western cultures, pathologies such as sarcopenia and frailty to “accompany” the elder individual through life. Deriving from the Greek words “σαρξ” – “sarx” meaning flesh and “πενία” – “penia” meaning poverty, sarcopenia stands for the progressive loss of muscular mass and strength, the increase of muscle fat infiltration, the decrease of the functional modalities of the muscle and eventually the occurrence of adverse outcomes. Usually, sarcopenia is not the result of a disease, despite the fact that sometimes the manifestation of a chronic illness can accelerate the syndrome’s progress. Then there is frailty which is considered a multi-system impairment that makes the individual vulnerable to stressors – being external or internal stressors and can lead to the occurrence of falls, disability, institutionalization and even mortality. Regardless the fact that sarcopenia is more associated with the muscles and their degenerative changes and frailty is considered to be more related with components such as exhaustion, weakness, and slowness, both of them can be characterized as “geriatric syndromes with partly overlapping phenotypes” and there is a deeper connection between them since sarcopenia is involved –as a main factor, in the development of the frailty syndrome. Even though sarcopenia and frailty are considered highly prevalent in the elder population and correlated to impairment, are addressed as potentially reversible syndromes from the adulthood and easy-to-find in the everyday clinical practice. So, the question that rises subsequently is the following: What can we use in order to perform an in-depth evaluation that will be a tool for the identification of those characteristics and a possible discrimination between the two geriatric syndromes.

Sarcopenia and Frailty: the detectable overlapping and the possible diagnostic approaches