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The object of this article is the social and legal system called Administração (Administration), which expressed and regularized the daily practices of exploitation and possession of Indians in the colonial village of São Paulo. Its main themes involve the historical processes of formation and consolidation of this system from the imprisonement expeditions and social relations, the conflict between Paulista residents, Jesuit missionaries. and the Portuguese crown for the control of the system, and the insertion of this São Paulo slave model in the whole of Portuguese America, for example, in comparison with the Maranhão Escravos de condição (condition slaves) slavery model. Since the beginning of the colonial period, the prohibition of indigenous slavery by the Catholic Church has led to a contradictory situation between the models of exploitation of labor over the Indians and their official condition of freedom. For settlers and residents, there were no clear definitions within the limits of the indigenous management regarding capture, captivity, possession, commercial exploitation and services, so that they came into direct conflict with the Jesuits. These, who controlled the management of most of the indigenous settlements, although they also benefited from the indigenous administration, were religiously opposed to slavery. The central government of the Kingdom of Portugal and the local powers of the chambers mediated the conflict through oscillating legislation between colonial interests and the alliance with the Church. Thus, this article provides an overview of the historical background that in the seventheenth century, led to the legal institution of Administração system in São Paulo, from the social practices thah have traditionally established. By analyzing the sources and relevant literature, we concluded that the Administração was constituted in practice on a fact slave system, where the conflict for control of indigenous exploration eventually benefit the side of the Paulista settlers.

“PEQUENOS EXÉRCITOS ESTADUAIS” NA PRIMEIRA REPÚBLICA: O CASO DA FORÇA PÚBLICA DE PERNAMBUCO NA HISTORIOGRAFIA