English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Issues of economic development and the interaction of multinational enterprise (MNE) presence and formation and success of local firms in developing countries have dominated the research agenda at various policy levels. One major element of successful development in the Middle East and Africa is the formation of a viable local industry and in particular small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) (Rocha, Farazi, Khouri, & Pearce, 2011; Abor & Quartey, 2010; Brixovia, 2010; Quartey, 2003). Another major element is the development of export-capability into international markets of developed and emerging economies (Mareike, Wohlmuth, Knedlik, Pitamber, & Gutowski, 2004; Zaiem, 2012). The presence of multinational enterprises (MNEs) and their interaction with local SMEs may play a major role here (Larue de Tournemine, Kern, & Bissiriou, 2009). MNEs may transfer technology to local SMEs, create export opportunities due to vertical integration, or due to the building of supplier relations (Karlsson, Johansson, & Stough 2012; Kim & Zhang, 2008; Lutz, Talavera, & Park, 2008; Hsu, 2002). Furthermore, international and institutional investors as well as large shareholders can be seen as potential controllers of equity agency problems as their increased shareholdings can give them a stronger incentive to monitor local managerial behavior and firm performance. Corporate governance and in particular ownership structure can be an effective tool to control the opportunistic behaviour of management (Fauzi & Locke, 2012; Syriopoulos & Tsatsaronis, 2012; Grygorenko & Lutz, 2007). So far only a few studies have attempted to examine this relationship for Middle Eastern and

International ownership and firm performance in Arab economies