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Theory of Mind (ToM) approaches the ability to understand the possibility that even if one individual thinks something, another individual may think it differently. ToM is essential to socialization and it is developed around the age of 5 years. Most studies on the subject were made with children from industrialized societies instead of being made with children from traditional ethnic societies. This study aims to provide ToM developmental data from a sample of indigenous ethnicity – Asurini ethnicity. A sample of 35 children aged 2-10 years took part in this research. They were individually presented to a standard false-content task. The results did not indicate that 5 years is a marker of ToM in all children, this ability was manifested in children with age of 3 (25%) to 9 years (67%), and in all participants aged 10. This variation could be related to typical environmental and ecological arrangements of the ethnicity. Palavras-chave: Theory of Mind; traditional ethnic societies; false-belief tasks. A Teoria da Mente (TdM) aborda a capacidade de entender a possibilidade de que mesmo se um individuo pensa alguma coisa, outro individuo pode pensar diferentemente. O desenvolvimento da TdM e essencial para a socializacao, o que se inicia em torno dos 5 anos. A maior parte dos estudos sobre o tema foi realizada com criancas de sociedades industrializadas ao inves criancas de sociedades etnicas tradicionais. O presente estudo teve por objetivo fornecer dados referentes ao desenvolvimento da TdM em uma etnia indigena brasileira – a Asurini. Trinta e cinco criancas com idades entre 2 e 10 anos participaram de uma tarefa de falsa crenca. Os resultados nao indicaram que 5 anos e um marcador da TdM em todas as criancas, habilidade que se manifestou em criancas entre 3 (25%) a 9 anos (67%) e em todos os participantes de 10 anos. Essa

Perception and development of Theory of Mind Reasoning in Asurini children, from Amazonia, Brazil