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A ONU e uma organizacao intergovernamental criada para promover a cooperacao internacional, proporcionando tambem assistencia humanitaria aos paises que sofrem consequencias economicas, sociais e politicas de um conflito interno ou uma guerra civil. O Sudao do Sul e o pais independente mais recente do mundo e logrou seu objetivo politico em 2011. No entanto, pelos antecedentes da regiao, o pais tem serios problemas que dificultam o seu desenvolvimento, de natureza militar, economica, psicossocial e politica, os quais tem origem que antecede a sua independencia e que persistem ate os dias atuais. A Missao das Nacoes Unidas no Sudao do Sul (UNMISS) tem apoiado as acoes de assistencia humanitaria naquele complexo pais, por possuir recursos naturais e minerais incalculaveis, bem como grande numero de refugiados e deslocados internamente. Destarte, o presente trabalho aprecia o complexo papel da ONU no Sudao do Sul, considerando as friccoes enfrentadas pela UNMISS e as particularidades daquele pais. Este artigo justificase por apresentar um estudo de caso atualizado a respeito da atuacao de um organismo internacional em um pais que esta proximo de uma catastrofe humanitaria e que possui uma das maiores reservas energeticas na Africa. Palavras-chaves: ONU, Assistencia Humanitaria, Sudao do Sul.  ABSTRACT UNITED NATIONS IN THE AFRICAN CONTINENT: A THINKING ON THE HUMANITARIAN CHALLENGES IN SOUTH SUDAN The UN is an intergovernmental organization which was created to promote international cooperation and to provide humanitarian assistance to countries which has been suffering from economic, social and political problems of internal conflict or civil war. South Sudan is the newest independent country in the world and achieved its political objective in 2011. However, due to the region's history, the country has serious problems that hamper its development, of a military, economic, social and political nature, which have been since before its independence and which persist until the present day. The United Nations Mission in Southern Sudan (UNMISS) has supported humanitarian assistance in that complex country, with its immensurable natural and mineral resources, as well as large numbers of refugees and internally displaced persons. Therefore, the paper analyses the complex role of the UN in South Sudan, the frictions which are faced by UNMISS and the particularities of that country. This paper presents an updated case study regarding the performance of an international organization in a country that is close to a humanitarian catastrophe and which has one of the largest energy reserves in Africa. Keywords: UN, Humanitarian Assistance, South Sudan.

A ONU no continente africano: uma reflexão sobre os desafios humanitários no Sudão do Sul