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In 13 healthy subjects we assessed the effect of hypoglycemia (HG) provoked by insulin on: R-R intervals (RR), systolic pressure (SP), diastolic pressure (DP), pulse pressure (PP), respiratory frequency (RF) and tidal volume (V T ) 5-min time series; the instantaneous time courses of their low-frequency (LF RR , LF SP , LF DP , LF PP ), high-frequency (HF RR , HF Res ) powers and their respective central frequencies (cfLF RR , cfLF SP , cfLF DP , cfLF PP ), computed by a time-frequency distribution; instantaneous baroreflex (BRS) and respiratory sinus arrhythmia sensitivities (RSAS), obtained by alpha index, and their coherences (cBRS and cRSAS) by cross time-frequency analysis. Peak HG (2.7&#x00B1;0.3 mmol/l) induced: 1) decreases (p&#x003C;0.03) in five 1-min epoch means (EM) of HF RR , LF RR , BRS and RSAS dynamics, three EM of CFLFPP and cBRS, two EM of CFLFRR and CFLFSP; 2) increases (p&#x003C;0.02) in five EM of SP, DP, PP, V T  and RF, three EM of HF Res , two EM of LF SP  and LF DP , one EM of LF PP ; 3) no change in  CF LF DP , RR and cRSAS. In healthy subjects, insulin-provoked HG elicits changes in the fluctuating time courses of all measures studied, integrating a counterregulatory response of autonomic control mechanisms and vagal depression associated with sympathetic, cardiovascular and respiratory activation.

Instantaneous Time Course of the Autonomic Cardiovascular and Respiratory Response of Healthy Subjects to Hypoglycemic Stimulus