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The highly gendered nature of the global mining industry has now been exposed by a number of academic commentators and activists who advocate the rights of local communities in relation to mining companies. This research is also now being recognised by international bodies such as the World Bank and the International Council on Mining and Metals (ICMM).2 Large-scale mining around the world provides overwhelmingly male-dominated employment and tends to create and reinforce masculine-oriented cultures in the workplace and in mining towns. It is often argued that, as a consequence of this, women have been excluded from the direct economic benefits of mining and have borne the brunt of any negative social and economic changes. While the evidence for these gender imbalances is clear, I argue here that the prevailing emphasis on the ‘impacts’ of mining on women creates and reinforces problematic categorisations and the essentialising of women living in mining communities, particularly in reference to commercial sex.

Sex Work and Livelihoods: Beyond the ‘Negative Impacts on Women’ in Indonesian Mining