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In this chapter, I am concerned to take up what Galtung argues are the two problems to be dealt with in violence research: ‘the use of violence and the legitimation of that use’ especially ‘those aspects of a culture that serve to justify and legitimize violence’ (1990: 291). I begin with a brief discussion of Bariai cosmology to provide background to Bariai concepts of gender and how the enculturation process engenders men, women and children. This is followed by a consideration of violence experienced by women as women, spouses, school girls, and as members of their faith within a changing cosmology manifested most recently by a shift to fundamentalist charismatic Catholicism. My basis for this discussion assumes violence is about power differences and power inequities are a necessary and sufficient condition for violence, and my primary goal is to delineate those aspects of Bariai culture that make ‘violence look, even feel right—or at least not wrong’ (Galtung 1990: 291).

Black and Blue: Shades of Violence in West New Britain, PNG