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The mood disorder ‘major depression’ is a significant contributor to disability in society. One of the most significant determinants of an individual’s risk of depression is their experience of adversities during childhood. Evidence is beginning to accumulate for a gene x environment relationship between childhood environment, including adversities, and genotype for the DRD4exIII-VNTR. The presence of a 7rpt allele for this polymorphism has been linked to increased sensitivity of externalising behaviours, pro-social behaviour and altruism to childhood environment. A recent study has found that the sensitivity of an individual’s behavioural activation system – a cortical circuit that controls motivation and reaction to reward – is protected from adversities in childhood by this 7rpt allele. In this paper, a known negative correlation between the behavioural activation system and depression led to the hypothesis that DRD4 may also play a protective role against childhood adversities in terms of the risk of depressive symptoms. However, in a representative sample of the population (n = 1,630) aged 20-24, DRD4 and childhood adversity were not found to interact in the formation of depressive symptoms (β=0.069, p=0.381).

Depression Risk in Young Adults: Could a Dopamine Receptor Gene Moderate the Role of Childhood Adversities?