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Existen numerosos estudios sobre la biodiversidad dentro de los tanques de agua de las bromelias. Sin embargo, poco se sabe sobre como llegan los organismos hasta los tanques de agua ubicados en las partes altas del bosque. El efecto de la edad de los arboles y la distribucion cardinal de las bromelias en el dosel son aspectos mejor conocidos, pero casi no hay datos para las especies centroamericanas, por lo tanto, estudiamos la ecologia de las bromelias en Pejibaye de Jimenez, Costa Rica. Para no destruir bromelias naturales, fabricamos 150 bromelias artificiales con vasos de plastico para poner a prueba las hipotesis de Picado sobre la colonizacion de los tanques bromelicolas mediante lluvia y residuos que caen de las ramas. Colocamos las bromelias artificiales en el bosque en febrero 2012 y siete semanas despues recolectamos los macroinvertebrados que las habitaban. Tambien medimos bromelias y diametros de los arboles en 100 individuos de Gliricidia sepium y contamos las bromelias en los cuatro puntos cardinales del dosel en 60 arboles. En concordancia con las hipotesis de Picado, las bromelias que no recibieron lluvia tuvieron 2,9 veces menos invertebrados que el tratamiento control, y las bromelias que no recibieron residuos registraron 3,4 veces menos invertebrados que el control. Los arboles mas grandes tienen mas bromelias y estas son mas grandes, posiblemente debido a que son arboles mas viejos, con mayor complejidad estructural. El numero medio de bromelias fue menor en el lado oeste de las copas, justo la parte que recibe menos luz solar. Estos resultados no solo evaluan las hipotesis de Picado en el centenario de su publicacion, sino que tambien son potencialmente utiles para la conservacion de las bromelias y de los complejos microecosistemas que hospedan. ABSTRACT Numerous studies have been conducted on the biodiversity of organisms that inhabit bromeliad water tanks. However, little is known about how organisms reach these tanks (also called “phytotelmata”). Two other aspects of bromeliad ecology, the effect of tree age and the cardinal distribution of bromeliads in canopies are slightly better known, but still little research has been done on these subjects for Central American bromeliads. To improve understanding of these subjects, we studied bromeliad ecology in Pejibaye de Jimenez, Cartago, Costa Rica. To avoid destroying natural phytotelmata, we built 150 artificial bromeliads with plastic cups to test Picado’s hypotheses that phytotelmata are colonized via rain and debris. We set them in the field in February 2012 and collected macroinvertebrates from them after seven weeks. We also measured bromeliad leaf length and trunk diameters in 100 Gliricidia sepium trees and counted bromeliads in the four cardinal directions of 60 trees. In agreement with Picado’s hypotheses, the bromeliads that did not receive rainwater had 2,9 times less invertebrates than the control, and the bromeliads that did not receive debris had 3,4 times less invertebrates than the control. Larger trees had more and larger bromeliads growing on them, possibly because they were older and had more structural complexity. Mean number of bromeliads was lower in the west side of canopies, the side that receives less sunlight. These findings not only address Picado’s hypotheses in the centenary of their publication, but also are potentially useful for conservation of bromeliads and the complex microecosystems that they house.

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How organisms reach and colonize bromeliads: a field experimental test of two of Picado’s hypotheses, and the effect of tree age and cardinal distribution on bromeliads in Cartago, Costa Rica