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It was with mixed feelings of joy and surprise that I accepted the editors’ invitation to discuss Joel Robbins' text [Religious pluralism and pluralism of values: ritual and regulation of cultural diversity]. Surprise, because even as a scholar and researcher of rituals, my recent incursions into the field of religion stricto sensu have been sporadic (Cavalcanti, 2004). Joy, because ever since my research about Kardecist spiritualism (Cavalcanti, 1983), my interest on religions, a subject deeply related to symbols and rituals, is very alive. At the time of my research, the difference between Kardecist and Umbanda religious experience was constantly debated by Spiritists. When I saw the double pluralism of the text, I immediately thought it would be possible to relate it to religious syncretism, an important issue to Afro-Brazilian studies (Bastide, 1971; Ferretti, 1995) and as such appropriate to the relationship between Spiritism and Umbanda. As suggested by Pierre Sanchis (1994), this notion can surpass the diffusionist and culturalist approaches. To him, when analyzing the relation among different religious systems, one of these systems could be placed at the center, functioning as a matrix system re-semanticizing in its practices the incorporation of elements from “the other system". Syncretism and religious pluralism cover a universe of related problems.

THE UNNAMED RITE. RITUAL AND PLURALISM OF VALUES