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The concentration of Interleukin-1α (IL-1α) was measured in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) culture at variable times (0, 20 h, 23 h , 43 h , and 45 h) in presence or absence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at variable temperatures (35 oC , 37 oC and 40 oC) . There was not high difference in IL-1α concentrations at 35oC and 40oC in compared with control group (37 oC) and the same results were found in cultures that supplemented with LPS .There was a slight elevated (Non significant elevated) in IL-1α concentrations at 35 oC + LPS after 45h and slight decrease at 40 oC+LPS after 43h in compared with control (37 oC+LPS) , while significant increases were found in cultures supplemented with LPS at variable times and at variable temperatures in compared with opposites temperatures and times with cultures that did not supplement with LPS. Introduction Interleukins-1 are classical multifunctional cytokines ,they are produced by macrophage, other antigen presenting cells(APCs ) , most of somatic cells , T-cell and activated B cell that products Immunoglobulin .Interleukins-1 activates phagocyte and promotes of hematopoiesis (1,2) . The IL-1 family comprises IL-1α and IL-1β as well as the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), two types of IL-1 receptors have been identified in human. Although IL-1 α and IL-1β share little homology in primary sequence the two cytokines exert their against effects through binding to the same type I receptor ( IL-1 RI) , type II receptor ( IL-1 RII) also binds IL-1 but does not transducer signal (1,3) . The receptor antagonist ( IL-1 Ra) binds to IL-1 RI with an affinity comparable to that of IL-1α and IL-1β , but does not elicit biological responses (4,5) , Furthermore , intracellular fragments of both receptor types ( IL-1 RI and IL-1 RII) circulate in the blood and function as natural scavengers by binding and neutralizing IL-1α , IL-1β or IL-1 Ra (6) . The complex array of interacting factor could find modulate IL-1α responses in vitro (7) .Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) recognition by higher animals involves soluble protein (LPSbinding protein [ LBP] and soluble CD14 [SCD14])(8). Membrane receptors (CD14 and Toll – like receptor 4 (TLR4) (8). LBP promotes rapid binding of purified LPS from aggregates to membrane – bound CD14 (mCD14) on cells or to SCD14 in plasma (9). CD14 is important for conferring sensitive cellular responses to LPS and TLR4 appears to be the most important LPS signal transducer (10, 11). Bacterial LPS can activates a variety of mammalian cell types ( part of them PBPLs) and is a powerful activator of the innate immune system , LPS stimulates the synthesis and release of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL_1 from monocytes and macrophages , these cytokines can further activate monocytes , neutrophils and lymphocytes , initiating cellular injury and tissue damage ( 12,13) .LPS produces fever after 6090 minutes that occur after stimulation of IL-1 production from APCs and this carries by the blood stream to the thermoregulatory center in the hypothalamus where physiologic responses are initiated that result in fever and this phenomenon (fever) play an important role in the first step of immune response , so some beneficial effects of fever on the control of infection in a few instances for example antibody production and T-cells proliferation are more efficient at high body temperature (14,15,16).There is proof that IL-1α can modulate LPS activity and its effect in human body (17, 18). The aim of this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of LPS and temperature alone or together on IL-1α production.

THE EFFECT OF LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE ON INTERLEUKIN-1Α PRODUCTION BY PERIPHERAL BLOOD LEUKOCYTES IN VITRO AT VARIABLE TIMES AND TEMPERATURES.