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On October 23, 1918, the Bureau of Public Hygiene, under the Home Ministry, published a report on the virulent cold spreading fast around the empire. The report described it as “Grippe” or “Spanish Influenza,” terms respectively referring to the respiratory pandemic in the 18 th century Europe and the influenza outbreak striking major cities at the time. The report was the first official document on the subject that came out of a series of inter-ministerial telegraph correspondences. On October 9, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs sent the initial telegraph, alarming the Home Ministry that a fever disease, swirling in Europe, may arrive in mainland Japan. A week later, the Navy substantiated that two or three thousand people in Southern Russia were dying of symptoms of high fever, sudden heart attack, and pneumonia. Shortly, the minister of Foreign Affairs informed other ministers that major ports were now under temporary quarantine. On the twentieth, he forwarded the telegraphs from the Japanese embassies in San Francisco, Shanghai, and Hong Kong, reporting the flu outbreak in Canada, the United States, Ningbo, and India. The

“A Thorough Study of the Spanish Influenza”: How Japanese Party Politics and Ministerial Conflicts Reduced the Pandemic