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The Lake Rāzna is the second largest lake by area and the biggest by volume in Latvia. It is located in the central part of the Latgale Upland (Fig. 12.1A) and occupies the lower part of the extensive glacial depression formed as a result of the activity of the Rāzna glacier tongue over the course of the last deglaciation (Meirons 1975; Zelčs and Markots 2004). The triangular lake narrows in the direction of the former ice flow, i.e. from NW to SE. The lake depression is surrounded by plateau-like hills, morainic hilly massifs, as well as, elementary and composite morainic ridges, whereas the depression itself shows traces of ribbed topography alternating with small depressions (Markots 2013). The complex topography and geological structure of the lake depression, and the character of its shores indicate the the complicated history and diversity of natural processes occurring in various parts of the lake. The sediments of the lake bear evidence of these spatial and temporal developments. The sedimentation environment of the shallow bays of Dūkstigals and Zosnasgals, located in the northern and the north-western part of the lake (Fig. 12.1B), differs to a great extent from that of the deeper part, which mainly contains minerogenic sediments consisting of sand, silt and clay. By contrast, the shallow bays have frequently accumulated organogenic sediments, i.e. gyttja and peat. Earlier investigations of the lake and its adjacent area, carried out by Alksnītis (1998), have mainly been connected with prospection for natural resources, not considering the depositional environment and lake development.

STOP 12: Late-glacial and Holocene development of Lake Rāzna as recorded by biostratigraphy