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Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most frequent opportunistic infections in children with HIV in South-East Asia (SEA) together with candidiasis Original Article 82 Clinical Social Work and Health Intervention Clinical Social Work and Health Intervention Vol. 9 No. 4 2018 Introduction Orphans with AIDS and their improved adherence to therapy and decreasing the incidence of TB in a full board Pediatric HIV Facility in Cambodia have been observed for the last 15 years. Opportunistic infections (OI) are the major cause of mortality in children and adults with AIDS. Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most frequent OI in children with HIV in South-East Asia (SEA) together with candidiasis and Herpes Zoster (HZV). After immunity constitution due to antiretroviral therapy (ART) occurrence of OI in AIDS decreased rapidly, including TB. After 15 years of directly observed (DO) ARV therapy, only 1 case of TB among 40 children with AIDS occurred. Patients and Methods Sputum samples/blood from 31 children in an orphanage sheltering children with AIDS in Phnom Penh were undergoing Gene X-pert test for presence of latent TB infection. Gene X-pert was approved by WHO as a PCR point-of-care testing method for detection of MTB within 1 hour instead of 30 60 days. All children received ART for 2 12 years.

Improved Adherence to ART in Children – Orphans with AIDS Results in the Decreasing Occurrence of Tuberculosis (Research paper)