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The health sector in Brazil has undergone important changes, particularly with the development of the Sistema Único de Saúde or Unified Health System (SUS). Decentralization is an important principle of SUS and advances have been made in transferring responsibilities and resources to the local government units, known as municipios. The decentralized SUS system has fostered progress in several aspects and areas of healthcare system, especially with the implementation of the Original Articles 42 Clinical Social Work and Health Intervention Clinical Social Work and Health Intervention Vol. 7 No. 4 2016 Introduction Brazil is the largest country in South America; it covers 8.5 million square kilometers which is nearly half of the South American continent. In 2010, Brazil had an estimated population of 190,732,694 with most of the population living in urban areas. Brazil is the world’s fifth most populous country and functions as a federal republic with 26 states, a federal district and 5,563 municipalities. Brazil was once a colony of Portugal from the year 1500 onward and gained political independence in 1822 and became a republic in 1889. Brazil has undergone major political, economic, demographic and social changes in the past 40 years which shaped the healthcare system in the country. Federative Republic of Brazil has made major changes to its healthcare system with the development of the Sistema Único de Saúde or Unified Health System (SUS). From 1964 to 1985 Brazil was ruled by military dictatorship. The health system during this time period of military rule was riddled with inequality in accessing healthcare services. The wealthy had much better healthcare than the poor; the unemployed had very limited access to care. A civil-society movement to restore democracy began in the 1970s, which lead to the development of a major health reform movement. An economic recession in the early 1980s brought with it the downfall of the military dictatorship and a transition to democracy. After the downfall of the military dictatorship, the Sistema Único de Saúde was put into place when the 1988 Constitution was signed; recognizing health as a citizen’s right and a duty of the state. Background on Brazil’s Healthcare

Does Brazil's Decentralized System Improve Primary Care with the Family Health Program?