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An annual crop, cassava (Manihot esculenta, Crantz), is mainly cultivated in the tropical and subtropical regions especially for its starchy tuberous roots from which tapioca is mainly produced. To grow, it needs only sandy-loam soils, low rainfall and high temperature (Wanapat and Kang, 2013, 2015). The plant is built of, %: leaves 6, stem 44 and roots 50 (Balagopalan, 2001). Apart from the root, cassava leaves and stem are a good source of dry matter (DM) – at the time of root harvesting the green parts of plant constitute 4.6 t DM per ha. In Thailand, a hay made from cassava foliage has been used successfully as a source of ruminally undegraded protein with a high content of digestible nutrients. Such a hay was willingly eaten by ruminants not only as a sole feed but also as an additive to diets based on crop residues such as urea treated straw and sugarcane tops (Wanapat and Kang, 2013). It is widely known that forage conservation plays a pivotal role in productive and efficient ruminant livestock production. From the 1960s the amounts of produced silage are increasing and this ABSTRACT. The aim of the study was to evaluate the nutritive value and fermentation efficiency of cassava top silage using in vitro gas production technique. The four-month plants were harvested, chopped into 2–3 cm pieces and ensiled with 0, 0.5 and 1% urea (U), and 0, 0.5, 1 and 2% molasses (M) (on the basis of the crop dry matter (DM)). Silage pH increased with U supplementation but decreased by addition of 2% of M, so the lowest pH values were observed in: U0M0–2 and then in U0.5M2 and U1M2 groups. The U supplementation increased crude protein content in cassava top silage in a dose-dependent manner. There was observed U × M interaction for neutral and acid detergent fibre contents (NDF and ADF, respectively) – when added together the M decreased these parameters in a dose-dependent manner, and the lowest value of NDF was observed in U1M2 group, and of ADF – for U0M2, U0.5M2 and U1M2 groups. The cumulative gas production was increased when either U or M were added, and the highest value was observed in U0.5M2 and U1M2 groups. In addition, the true digestibility was increased when M was added and the NDF digestibility was the highest in M2 groups. Fermented pH was increased by U supplementation while protozoa populations were similar among treatments. So, supplementation with 0.5–1% of U and 2% of M may increase cassava top silage quality and the in vitro fermentation efficiency. However studies evaluating cassava top silage influence on animal growth performance are recommended. Received: 2 June 2017 Revised: 8 December 2017 Accepted: 26 February 2018

Effect of urea and molasses supplementation on quality of cassava top silage