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Over the last decade, increased attention has been put on the association between nutrients and genome, resulting in the rise of two new branches of knowledge – nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics. The main goal of nutrigenetics is to establish the effect of genetic variations on the interaction between diet and disease or on nutrient requirements, while nutrigenomics is focused on the effect of nutrients on the genome, proteome and metabolome (Müller and Kersten, 2003). There is a growing evidence of such effects as well as of the strong interaction between genotype and nutrients in modulating animal phenotypes (Jiménez-Chillarón et al., 2012). Nowadays, it is very important to feed farm animals with appropriate feedstuff as this guarantees high-quality animal products and breeding profitability. Recently, dried distilled grains with solubles (DDGS) have become very popular in pig feeding as DDGS contain large amounts of protein and are more reasonably priced than other feedstuffs. Furthermore, DDGS are a good source of unsaturated fatty acids, which are preferable for the health of the animal but ABSTRACT. The aim of the study was to analyse the expression of several microRNAs (miRNA) in the liver of pigs fed different diets. Twenty-four fatteners (12 gilts and 12 barrows) originating from (Polish Landrace × White Large Polish) sows mated with (Duroc × Pietrain) boars were divided into 4 dietary groups, with 6 pigs in each group (3 gilts and 3 barrows). The fattening experiment lasted from about 60 kg to 118 kg of body weight. The animals were fed diets that differ with the presence of maize dried distilled grains with solubles (DDGS; groups II, III, IV – 20%) and the type of used fat (rapeseed oil – groups I and II, beef tallow – group III, coconut oil – group IV). A qPCR analysis to assess miR-148a-3p, miR-122a, miR-26a, miR-103, let-7a, miR-92a, miR-335 and miR-16a expressions was performed. In the GeNorm software analysis it was shown that the most stably expressed miRNAs were miR-26a, miR-16a and miR-148a-3p (M values: 0.51–0.52). Only miR-122a expression was different (P < 0.03). The miR-122a level was statistically lower in the liver of pigs from group IV (DGS+coconut oil). The results suggest that adding coconut oil to feedstuff based on maize DDGS changes the expression of miR-122a, which is an important regulator of many genes engaged in lipid metabolism. Received: 4 April 2017 Revised: 3 October 2017 Accepted: 10 December 2017

Addition of coconut oil to the diet based on maize dried distilled grains with solubles (DDGS) alters miR-122a expression in the pig liver